一、作连词
1. 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解。
She is young but very experienced.
她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you.
对不起,我不同意你的意见。
3. 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”解。(从不做,但一做就…;每当…总是)
It never rains but it pours.
不雨则已,一雨倾盆。 (不鸣则已,一鸣惊人)
I never go past that house but I think of the happy years I spent there.
每当我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起(我都想起)我在那儿度过的欢乐岁月。
二、作介词
1. 与 no ,nobody ,nothing ,none ,who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。
Nobody knew her but me.
除我以外,没有人认识她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.
这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。
2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定式要带 to .
We had no choice but to wait.
除了等待,我们别无选择。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV.
一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。
3. 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:
Jack was the last but one to arrive.
杰克是倒数第二个到达的。
Last but two 倒数第三
On the next day but one 隔天后
三、作副词
1. 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或动词。
Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子。
We can but try now. 我们现在只能尝试一遍。
2. but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义。
I'm but too glad to go there with you.
我非常高兴和你一起去那里。
☆较难:四、作关系代词
But 用在否定词或具有否定意义的否定句中作关系代词, 引导含否定意思的定语从句,相当于“which.not" "that.not""who.not" 等,因此构成双重否定句。
There is no one but knows it.
= There is no one who doesn't know it.
双重否定
没人不知道
=人人皆知。
There is nothing in the world but inspires me with courage.
= There is nothing in the world that doesn’t inspire me with courage.
世界上没有一件事不激励我的勇气
=世界上的一切都能激励我的勇气。
There is scarcely a man but has his weak side.
=There is scarcely a man who doesn’t have his weak side.
几乎无人没缺点
=人人都有缺点。
☆较难:五.作从属连词
But作从属连词可引导结果状语从句,此时but具有否定含义,与主句中的否定词构成双重否定形式:
not so...but(that/what), 或not such a ...but, 意思为“不是如此…以至于不…”
Tom is not such a fool but he knows it.
=Tom is not such a fool that he doesn’t know it.
汤姆并不是傻得连这个都不知道。